grzz said:
Fortpeck,
Is it still hearsay if the person witnessed a conversation between two people. Such as, I testify that I heard X say yadayada to Y. In other words, can they call a witness to confirm or disprove a conversation between the victim and the accuser? Or is that a no go as well?
Well this depends. Is the overheard statement an admission by a party opponent or a statement against interest? If yes (and there are requirements for both of those) then the statement can come in. But if it is not, then the only way to bring it in is to show the effect on the hearer. Then you are not proving that the statement is true, you are proving what it did to the hearer's mind. Your best bet is to put the two people who said the statements on the stand. There are more hearsay exceptions but I'm just trying to give the basic rundown before boring everyone to tears.
Copper,
You start to get into some pretty sticky situations trying to get the evidence you mentioned in. Previous allegations start to venture into highly prejudicial waters. The judge has the discretion to not let those in, plus they could be hearsay as well. Previous medical records generally are never let in, plus those could be claimed privileged under the patient/physician relationship. You could try to get them in under the business record exception but that is tough. In order to do that the person transmitting the statements to the record must be under a DUTY to do so. A patient has no duty to transmit the info to the doctor. Generally, all records or reports (police reports, medical records, etc.) are hearsay and cannot be admitted into evidence. Now, here is where it gets complicated, you can have the person who created the record testify as to the creation and why he did it, but you must have the original record, and the record still does not come in as evidence, only the testimony does. Also, the reputation or opinion of the victim will NOT be let in at all because of the special circumstances here.
Finally, for all of you who think this trial will go poorly, I can't speculate on a likely result. However, keep in mind that this is CRIMINAL trial. The burden is on the state to prove BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT that the crime was committed. Like what was said in the papers, this is a very high bar. He said/she said will not cut it. There must be direct evidence that meets this burden. If this were a CIVIL case then the burden would be a PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE. If you show that one party is 51% at fault, then this burden is met, and you can recover. This is not that hard to meet.
Think of it this way, when you see famous athletes get into these situations (Kobe Bryant, Roethlisberger, etc), how does it usually play out? First the criminal charges come. Then through discovery and the first stages of trial, the evidence boils down to he said/she said. Then the state drops the charges. Then the civil suit comes, which the athlete ALWAYS settles. Why does he always settle? Because usually the victim has just enough to win a civil suit but cannot meet the criminal burden. So instead of publicly losing a civil suit where you claim innocence (and get proven a liar in the process) you settle the claim out of court and include a gag order on the parties involved.
I have no idea if it will play out this way. I have no idea what the evidence is/who will testify/etc., but that is the main difference between Civil and Criminal trials.